Aggressivity level of LTM (Macaca Fascicularis) and visitors' perception in Tlogo Muncar Kaliurang, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi After Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic

Long-tailed macaque/LTM (Macaca fascicularis) has good interaction and adaptation ability, as we found in the Tlogo Muncar area, Kaliurang, Yogyakarta, which is accustomed to visitors. Often food provision by visitors allegedly increases the aggressiveness of LTMs. Three groups of macaques identified at Tlogo Muncar are Waterfall, Joglo Trubus, and Mushola group. The study aimed to understand visitors' perceptions and the aggression level of LTM at Tlogo Muncar area, Merapi Mount National Park (Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi/TNGM) after two years of closure of the site caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Observations were conducted using the scan sampling method and continued by focal sampling. According to Wijayanto (2015), the aggressiveness of LTM is divided into four categories, aggressive level 1: dare to approach, potentially attack physically and steal goods or food from the front;aggressive level 2, steal goods or food from behind or side, aggressive level 3, steal goods or food when the visitor is off guard;and aggressive level 4, dare to approach when fed and only look for food waste in the dump. Observing visitors' perceptions was conducted by randomly distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The result showed that aggressive behaviour level 1 is generally carried out by adult male LTMs. However, aggressive behaviour observed is mainly aggressivity level 4. The questionnaire results indicate decreasing respondents' understanding of the disease transmission from long-tailed monkeys to humans compared to the 2021 questionnaire result. However, most visitors agreed that the interaction between humans and LTMs should be limited to a specific location within the area.

Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public confrontations between people who had agreed to be vaccinated and those who had not, highlighted the relevance of the deepening dissemination of violent and discriminatory expressions and determined a level of perception of hate discourses. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, based on an innovative methodology: simulations of WhatsApp conversations. In addition, the following variables were considered among others: level of empathy, personality traits and conflict resolution. RESULTS: The participants were 567 nursing students (413 females, 153 males and 1 person who did not identify with any gender). The results showed that, for the most part, the participants correctly identified hate speech, but were unable to discern the frame of reference. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to implement intervention strategies to minimize the impact of hate speech, which continues to be used on many levels to harass others, justify violence or undermine rights, generating an environment of prejudice and intolerance that encourages discrimination and violent attacks against certain individuals or collectives.

Acute care treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with acute respiratory failure

Treatment of COVID-19 patients and their extreme numbers represented an unprecedented challenge for the intensive care system in healthcare facilities throughout the Czech Republic, a country particularly affected by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A steep increase in the need for intensive care placed an excess burden on bed and staff capacity. For a severe and critical course of COVID-19, bilateral pneumonia with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is pathognomonic. In the intensive care setting, COVID-19 therapy is primarily symptomatic, supporting failing respiratory function to gain time needed to restore it and to repair the lungs. The aggressiveness and comprehensiveness of respiratory support depend on the severity of failure, ranging from simple oxygen therapy, to non-invasive support and mechanical ventilation, to extracorporeal support. By contrast, specific COVID-19 therapy is directly targeted against SARS-CoV-2 or modulates the organism's response to the virus. Primary, virus-induced lung injury may be secondarily complicated by coinfection or superinfection, most commonly bacterial, increasing the severity and lethality of the disease. Therefore, anti-infective therapy is crucial for the prognosis and outlook of intensive care COVID-19 patients. Among nosocomial infections com-plicating COVID-19, ventilator-associated pneumonia (developing in mechanically ventilated patients) is particularly important and challenging, and so are issues related to bacterial resistance and rational antibiotic therapy.Copyright © 2021, Trios spol. s.r.o.. All rights reserved.

Features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on healthcare professionals at all levels has increased significantly, especially those who are at the forefront of the fight for patients' lives. Physicians directly caring for COVID-19 patients are exposed to excessive stress and significant biological and psychosocial risk. Objective. To identify the features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study included 85 doctors of the Arkhangelsk region: 41 anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians (mean age 32.4+/-5.0 years) and 44 general practitioners (mean age 38.9+/-4.2 years). The study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (from May to June 2021). We used the following study methods: questionnaire, psychological testing (K. Maslach and S. Jackson Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck's Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index), mathematical and statistical processing of empirical data. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results showed that about half of the surveyed general practitioners and only 3 (7.3%) of the anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians had a history of COVID-19, having contracted it while performing professional duties. Manifestations of maladaptation, such as low professional competence, lack of soft skills, aggressiveness, introversion, risktaking, recklessness, and family problems, are more pronounced in anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians. They were more likely to have negative emotions and feelings, were less satisfied with themselves and life in general, and had a lower well-being index than general practitioners. General practitioners overestimated their professional burnout severity and more often complained about their state of health. Correlation analysis of the examination results for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians allowed us to identify direct relationships between the level of perceived stress, overstrain and depression, low mood, difficulties in relationships with relatives and colleagues, dissatisfaction with various aspects of life, inverse relationships between the level of perceived stress and the well-being index. In general practitioners, direct relationships were established between perceived stress and overexertion, and inverse relationships were established between the level of perceived stress, the well-being index, and the reduction of personal achievements. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians more than general practitioners, causing negative emotions and maladaptation. In primary care physicians, the pandemic increases mobilization processes to address emerging professional challenges. Therefore, special attention should be paid to psychological support for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians.Copyright © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

A Review of An Open World: How America Can Win the Contest for Twenty-First-Century Order by Rebecca Lissner and Mira Rapp-Hooper

The authors stress that both economic and military investments will be required to counter China's integration of statecraft and industry.1 It is further suggested that a selective procurement of allies within the Asian-Pacific region is necessary to counter Chinese economic dominance, military aggression, and coercive practices.2 An Open World suggests that the United States should look to build on existing relationships within trade and security cooperatives in the Indo-Pacific region and bolster the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, known as the Quad, to become a formal alliance that projects a robust military presence to counter Chinese aggression and encroachment within the South China Sea. [...]the authors point out the current dearth of expertise, talent, and diplomatic finesse that exists within the United States Department of State. In November 2020, the four members participated in a joint naval exercise meant to improve sea readiness for their fleets.6 This exercise was followed by a virtual meeting the following March and the establishment of working groups to tackle challenges such as supply-chain resilience and COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution.7 If these working groups are the extent of the Quad's influence, then the United States needs to seek other alliances to combat China's aggressive economic and military tactics. Coupling public and private sector goals While this type of partnership with private firms is promising, the authors admit to the widening gap between the national security interests of the public sector and the industrial mission of private corporations, which seems to weaken their argument.

Depression and aggressiveness in the context of COVID-19: impact of the pandemic on university students

Mental health in people is essential to be able to have an optimal life, however, after the pandemic, there have been evidences of crisis states in depression and violence that have increased today. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between aggression and depression in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was descriptive, correlational with a cross-sectional design using the hypothetical deductive method. The sample consisted of 95 university students. The instruments used to collect the data were the Buss and Perry aggressiveness questionnaire;likewise Beck's Depression Inventory - II that was adapted by Espinosa. It was submitted, for its validation under the criterion of content validity, to the evaluation by expert judgment;and to measure reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used. To contrast the general hypothesis, the non-parametric Spearman's Rho statistic was applied and a score of .437 was obtained between aggressiveness and depression. The correlation between physical aggressiveness and depression was .298, between verbal aggressiveness and depression it was .298, between anger and depression it was .437 and finally between hostility and depression it was .440. It was concluded that aggression and its dimensions are significantly and weakly related to depression.

Weaponizing Wheat: Russia's Next Weapon in Pandemic and Climate Eras

[...]the article closes with policy recommendations to prevent the weaponization of wheat. [...]Russia has recently violated Swedish airspace,8 simulated attacks on Norway,9 jammed GPS systems during NATO exercises,10 and tested new missile systems.11 Russia's quest for melting Arctic fossil fuels is part of an overall plan to leverage the advantages they gain from climate change, a plan that is marked by increased aggression and strategic manipulation of climate-vulnerable regions. [...]as importing countries transition away from fossil fuels, demand for Russian oil and gas will decrease, reducing the overall [End Page 63] revenue for the Russian economy. Countries that fell under the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War are less diversified in their energy mixes than those in Western Europe and are highly dependent on Russia.19 For example, in 2015, the stateowned oil and gas company Gazprom increased prices for the Baltic states, Bulgaria, and Poland.20 EU antitrust regulators found that Gazprom was manipulating gas prices in Bulgaria and Poland to force them to participate in additional pipeline projects.21 Such manipulative tactics could indicate future avenues for hybrid warfare, through which Russia combines military strength with economic, resource, technological, or political aggression.22 Russia's use of energy as a form of hybrid warfare can also be seen clearly in Ukraine.

FROM "COVID IDIOTS” TO "COVIDSHOW AND "COVIDHYSTERIA”. ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL NEWS COMMENTERS' VERBAL AGGRESSIVENESS AND MEANS OF LINGUISTICS CREATIVITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LATVIA (2020 – 2021)

The main objective of this interdisciplinary study is to find out if verbal aggressiveness expressed by news commenters on the three largest digital news media (delfi.lv, tvnet.lv, apollo.lv) in Latvia fosters COVID-19 pandemic-related linguistic creativity during two state of emergency periods in Latvia (2020 – 2021). Did the commenters' dissatisfaction with the course of the pandemic and their response to the news of the pandemic contribute to the creation of new words related to COVID-19? Using data provided by the Index of the Internet Aggressiveness (IIA), a research tool, and employing content analysis to evaluate the comments and pandemic-related words used in the comments, the study concludes that as the level of aggressiveness of commenters spikes, the use of COVID-19-related aggressive keywords and the number of new pandemic-related words increases as well. However, the aggressive words associated with COVID-19 account for a small proportion of commenters' aggressiveness and incivility during pandemic. The most widely applied word-formation pattern to coin COVID-19 related words is the syntactic word-formation pattern, allowing the commenters to quickly create compound words, one part of which relates to COVID-19, while the other part expresses their attitude and assessment of the pandemic realities. Most of the new words are used only once and do not become a stable part of the commenters' vocabulary, thus showing the variability, instability, and fragmented character of communication in digital public sphere. © 2022, Faculty of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

U.S. HATE CRIME TRENDS: WHAT DISAGGREGATION OF THREE DECADES OF DATA REVEALS ABOUT A CHANGING THREAT AND AN INVISIBLE RECORD

When prejudice-related data are combined and analyzed over time, critical information is uncovered about overall trends, related intermittent spikes, and less common sharp inflectional shifts in aggression. These shifts impact social cohesion and grievously harm specific sub-groups when aggression escalates and is redirected or mainstreamed. These data, so critical to public policy formation, show that we are in such a historic inflection period now. Moreover, analysis of the latest, though partial Federal Bureau of Investigation hate crime data release, when overlaid with available data from excluded large jurisdictions, reveals hate crimes hit a record high in 2021 in the United States that previously went unreported. This Essay analyzes the most recent national data as well as various numerical and policy milestones that accompanied the historic, yet incomplete, implementation of hate crime data collection and related statutes over recent decades. This analysis of emerging trends in the United States is undertaken in the context of bigoted aggression broken down over time.

Emotional intelligence and aggression vary with gender and location in African high school adolescents

The aim of the study is to examine whether and how emotional intelligence and aggression vary with gender and urban-rural area in South Africa. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 440 adolescents aged between 13-18 years old participated in the study. Stratified sampling method was used in the selection of participants. Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Aggression Questionnaire were used to measure emotional intelligence and aggression. The study hypotheses were tested using logistic regression analysis. Emotional intelligence varies with gender. Males managed other peoples emotions better while females managed and utilised their own emotions better. With female participants verbal aggression was higher, whereas males scored higher on physical aggression, anger aggression and hostile aggression. On the basis of location, urban adolescents were indicated to have the ability to perceive other's emotions and manage their own emotions, while rural adolescents results indicated a lesser propensity for the perception of others emotions and the management of own emotions. Both urban and rural adolescents indicated verbal aggression. Emotional intelligence and aggression vary with gender and location. Therefore, gender-specific characteristics, and location, could play a major role in how the behaviour is manifested. Based on these findings, it is concluded that intervention methods should be tailor-made to suit individual needs.

Main reasons of choice of formulation and route of triptorelin treatment initiated in patients with prostate cancer (PCa): TALISMAN study

Background: Modalities of use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), like triptorelin, in real life, at the era of new strategies in advanced stages, lack of recent data. Our purpose here was to describe main reasons of choice of formulation and route (F&R) of triptorelin treatment (Tt) declared by the physician. Patient comorbidities, cancer aggressiveness and physician habits may influence their choices. Method(s): Initiated in 2020, a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study is ongoing in France (TALISMAN, NCT04593420). Patients with histologically confirmed PCa, eligible for >= 12-month triptorelin Tt within its label were enrolled. Interim analysis of baseline data was planned when 50% of 786 planned patients were enrolled. Modalities of use, including F&R of triptorelin prescribed [monthly intramuscular (1mIM), every 3 months subcutaneous (3mSC) or intramuscular (3mIM), every 6 months intramuscular (6mIM)], were described. Result(s): 509 patients were included in the interim analysis. Overall population was presented at ASCO-GU22. Subgroups of F&R are presented here. Main F&R prescribed was 3mSC (70.7%). Main baseline parameters in F&R subgroups are presented (except for 1mIM, 4 patients (0.8%)). 31 patients had missing F&R data and were not included in subgroups. 62.1% of patients overall received at least one concomitant systemic Tt for comorbidity at baseline (58.2% in 3mIM, 61.7% in 3mSC and 6mIM). 18.6% and 13.0% of patients overall received, respectively, platelet aggregation inhibitor and anticoagulant;they were 20.9% and 13.8% in 3mSC, 7.3% and 5.5% in 3mIM, 18.5% and 11.1% in 6mIM. Conclusion(s): Main reason of choice of F&R of triptorelin was physician preferred F&R (47.7%);noticeable reasons included anticoagulants for the choice of 3mSC, planned total duration of Tt for 3mIM and 6mIM, and potential impact on compliance for 6mIM. As the covid pandemic may change the management of patients with prostate cancer, longer acting formulations may become more attractive.

The Effect of Ethics in Business on Happiness, Aggressiveness and Inconsistency of Efforts and Rewards

The present study investigates the effect of business ethics on happiness, aggression and inconsistency of effort and reward of auditors in Iran and Iraq. The statistical population of the present study includes all partners, managers and auditors working in audit institutions in Iran and partners of the audit institutions, assistant auditors, auditors, individual second rank and individual first rank, with a total of 365 questionnaires completed by Iranian respondents out of 450 questionnaires and 250 questionnaires completed by Iraqi respondents out of 350 questionnaires, a total of 615 questionnaires from the two countries in 2022. Also, the methods of variance analysis and ordinary least squares regression and Smart PLS 3 and Stata 15 software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results from testing this research's hypotheses indicate a negative and significant relationship between business ethics and aggression, effort-reward mismatch and a positive and significant relationship between business ethics and happiness. Since the current research was conducted in the emerging financial markets of Iran and Iraq, which are highly competitive, along with having special economic conditions, and since the occupation of the ISIS terrorist group, the civil wars in Iraq, severe world economic sanctions against Iran and the global crisis of Covid-19 in Iran and Iraq have led to special conditions, the current research can bring helpful information to readers and help the development of science and knowledge in this field. © 2023 by the authors.

Impact of COVID-19 on adolescent sexual life and attitudes: have we considered all the possible secondary effects of the pandemic?

A significant increase in pornography use has been reported in the adolescent population worldwide over the past few years, with intensification of the phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present review is to provide data on the frequency of pornography consumption among adolescents during the pandemic and raise awareness about its potential impact on personal beliefs and sexual attitudes in the long term. A comprehensive literature review was performed in two scientific databases using the crossmatch of the terms "pornography", "adolescents" and "COVID-19". A significant increase in pornography consumption in adolescents was documented during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of social detachment. Fulfilment of sexual desires in the context of social distancing, alleviation of COVID-19-related boredom and psychological strain, and coping with negative emotions are some of the reported reasons for increased pornography use during the pandemic. However, concerns have been raised in the literature regarding potentially negative effects of excessive pornography use from an early age, including the development of pornography addiction, sexual dissatisfaction and aggressive sexual attitudes reinforced by gender preoccupations and sexual inequality beliefs. CONCLUSION: The extent to which increased pornography consumption from an early age during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected adolescents' mental well-being, personality construction and sexual behaviour is yet to be seen. Vigilance from the society as a whole is required so that potential negative adverse effects of adolescent pornography use and potential social implications are recognized early and managed. Further research is needed so that the full impact of the COVID-19-related pornography use in the adolescent population is revealed. WHAT IS KNOWN: •A significant increase in pornography consumption has been documented in the adolescent population worldwide over the past decades due to its quick, affordable and easy access from electronic devices and the possibility of anonymous and private participation. •During the COVID-19 pandemic, this phenomenon was intensified as a coping mechanism to social isolation and increased psychosocial strain. WHAT IS NEW: •Concerns have been raised regarding the risk of pornography addiction in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, making the post-pandemic adaptation challenging. •Awareness is raised in parents, health care providers and policy makers about the potential negative impacts of pornography consumption from an early, vulnerable age, such as sexual dissatisfaction and development of aggressive sexual attitudes and sex inequality beliefs.

Psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic: clarifying the role of parental symptoms of depression and aggressiveness.

BACKGROUND: Parental work stress and impaired mental health seem to have intensified during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both can have a negative impact on parent-child bonding: psychosocial work stress in the course of a spillover effect from work to family and symptoms of impaired mental health as part of a crossover effect from parent to child. This potentially affects the child's development in the long term. METHOD: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the early COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020). Symptoms of depression and aggressiveness were considered as mediators of this relationship. The sample consisted of employees in Eastern Germany (n = 380; 42.9% mothers, 57.1% fathers), aged 24-55 years, with children aged 0-36 months. RESULTS: In the total sample, an association was only found after adjusting for potential confounders, indicating that higher psychosocial work stress is associated with weaker bonding between the parent and child (ß = 0.148, p = .017, 95% CI [0.566, 5.614]). The separate analyses for mothers and fathers did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding. In the total sample, the higher the psychosocial work stress was, the higher were the parental symptoms of depression (ß = 0.372, p < .001, 95% CI [3.417, 5.696]) and aggressiveness ß = 0.254, p < .001, 95% CI [1.008, 3.208]). The mental health symptoms in turn were related to weaker parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression ß = 0.320, p < .001, 95% CI [0.345, 0.749]; symptoms of aggressiveness ß = 0.394, p < .001, 95% CI [0.697, 1.287]). The results furthermore suggested that parental mental health symptoms mediate the association between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression, ab = 2.491, 95% CI [1.472, 3.577] and of aggressiveness, ab = 2.091, 95% CI [1.147, 3.279]). The mediation effect was also found in the separate analyses for the mothers and fathers. DISCUSSION: The results of this study during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Germany highlight the importance of prevention as well as intervention measures in relation to psychosocial work stress that may play a debilitating role in the context of family relationships. In addition, the results suggest that both employers and employees should be made aware of the importance of psychosocial work stress, as it can have a negative impact on mental health, which in turn may have a major influence on family relationships.

The Prognostic Value of Ichikado Scores and Cci for Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia

INTRODUCTION: As the world continues to experience waves of COVID-19 infections including new variants of the pathogen, it remains an important area of study to fully describe the etiology and associations of the severe disease. Recent studies have established correlations for Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) >3 with poor prognosis. Additionally, a previous study has shown that a high Ichikado CT score (ICTS) >172 predicts mortality. Here we further explore the validity of these prognostic tools when used together. METHOD(S): Single-center retrospective cohort data of patients with confirmed COVID pneumonia hospitalized between March 2020 and February 2022 was analyzed. Patients were included if, within 24 hours of admission, a CT Chest and full past medical history were obtained. ICTS was interpreted by 3 radiologists blinded to the outcomes. Thorough review of medical records provided information for CCI calculations. Primary outcomes measured were mortality and length of admission. Multivariate analysis performed using SPSS 28. RESULT(S): Data included eight hundred and seventythree patients (44.1% Female, mean age=55). Multivariate analysis for clinical outcomes of death comparing ICTS and CCI revealed a significant reduction in survival of patients with CCI>3 for ICTS>172 (log rank chi2=18.38, p< 0.001). Estimated survival time for these patients was 17.5 days (SE=0.996, 95%CI: 15.527-19.430) compared to CCI< 2 for ICTS>172 which estimated 26.4 days (SE=1.54, 95%CI: 23.405-29.441). For ICTS< 171, overall estimated survival was 33.5 days (SE=2.294, 95%CI: 28.972-37.966). ROC analysis using predicted survivability showed 75% sensitivity and 65% specificity (AUC=0.762, SE=0.021, p< 0.001, 95%CI: 0.720-0.804). CONCLUSION(S): As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases continues to remain prevalent, practitioners may use these tools to guide the aggressiveness of their treatments and indications for tertiary care. ICTS and CCI are good predictors of COVID-19 prognosis especially when combined. Additionally, these tools can help firstline providers confidently assess and plan these seemingly complicated cases. Further research in this topic may lead to a prognostic tool specific to acute covid cases that is able to determine the prognosis for hospitalization, intubation, and mortality.

An observational naturalistic study on non-suicidal self-harm behaviours in a cohort of adolescents and young inpatients during COVID-19 outbreak

Introduction: Non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) include deliberate behaviours with the intent to self-injure. NSSH prevalence ranges 15.5%-31.3% in adolescents and young adults<25 years-old. Objective(s): Our aim is characterizing the psychopathological domains occurring in adolescent and young adults with NSSH during the second COVID-19-related wave (October 2020-August 2021). Method(s): A cross-sectional study recruited inpatients aged 15-24 consecutively afferent to psychiatric ward due to NSSH, by investigating anger rumination(ARS), emotional regulation (DERS), dissociation (DES-II), metacognitive capabilities(MCQ-30), perceived stress (PSS), self-criticism (LOSCS), emotional intelligence (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-RMET), aggressiveness (AQ), impulsiveness (BIS-11), hopelessness(BHS), alexithymia (TAS-20). NSSH were characterized by using suicide score scale(SSS) and deliberate self-harm interview (DSHI). Result(s): A 7-fold increase in young inpatient access was observed from 2019 to 2021. DSHI median was 2 (95%CI=1,17-2,73), SSS-12months median was 5 (95%CI=4.2-6.7), SSS-lifetime median was 5 (95%CI=3.4-5.3) and MINI median was 5 (95% CI=3.4-4.7). Linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlations revealed strong correlations between DSHI and BHS (r=0.550), TAS-20 (r=0.495), AQ-hostility(r=0.529),AQ-total (r=0.446), PSS (r=0.454), DERS-total (r=0.621), DERS-lack-of-control (r=0.658),MCQ-total(r=0.534),MCQ-perception-danger-not- control (r=0.583);between SSS-12months and AQ-total (r=0.456), AQ-Anger (r=0.443), BIS-total(r=0.457),BIS-Attentional-Impulsiveness (r=0.511),BIS-Complex-Motor-Impulsiveness (r=0.507), PSS (r=0.617), DERS(r=0.571), DES(r=0.559). Conclusion(s): COVID-19-related increased perceived stress and depressive symptomatology may have facilitated the onset of severe NSSH in adolescents and young people with trait impulsiveness, hostility and affective dysregulation.

Children's mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: In the midst of a global pandemic with a rising death toll, the children's mental health can be easily overlooked in the country's response. But this overlook would have devastating consequences for years to come. Objective(s): The objective of this research is to compare children's physical and mental development before, during and after the situation of social isolation caused by the pandemic of COVID-19. Method(s): The parents/guardians of 100 children aged between 0 and 5 years and 11 months old were asked to answer questions based on the ASQ-3 (Ages and Stages Questionnaire III), containing questions related to Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Problem Solving, and Personal-Social and ASQ- SE (Ages and Stages Questionnaires Social-Emotional) addressing issues of selfregulation, compliance, social-communication, adaptive functioning, autonomy, and affect. In addition, behavioral issues related to children's mental health will be included, such as: aggressiveness, insomnia, lack of appetite, apathy, sadness, tiredness, lack of interest, hyperactivity, manias, tantrum, morning among others. Child development data will be collected before and during quarantine / isolation and later, in a second stage, after the end of social isolation. Result(s): The data will be analyzed in order to characterize child behavior before, during and after the period of social isolation, correlating the different areas of child development, especially mental health. Conclusion(s): As argued, socially isolated children are at increased risk of health problems in adulthood. Furthermore, studies on social isolation have demonstrated that a lack of social relationships negatively impacts the development of the brain's structure.

Mental disorders and psychological problems of women-victims of domestic violence during selfisolation in the covid 19 pandemic

Introduction: Domestic violence is a troubling problem, but it has acquired a new, previously unknown significance during the COVID 19 pandemic. According to WHO, the number of calls from victims of domestic violence to hotlines during quarantine in many countries has increased by an average of 5 times. Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to find out the consequences of domestic violence against women and to identify psychological problems and mental disorders. Attention was paid to the mental health of victims of violence in self - isolation during COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): We analyzed the psychological problems and mental disorders of women who applied to the newly created hotline for women at the Serbsky Center in Moscow during the COVID 19 pandemic. Result(s): The situation caused by restrictive quarantine measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic provokes aggressiveness and all forms of domestic violence.Clinical interview has revealed depression, anxiety, fear, low self-esteem, self-harm behavior, which formed the clinical picture of adaptation disorders, acute stress disorders, PTSR, psychosomatic disorders, substance abuse), sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders in the form of bulimia and anorexia. Conclusion(s): The study requires taking into account social, economic and gender characteristics. In all types of emergencies, including epidemics, violence against women tends to increase. This is facilitated by a number of factors, such as the crowding of the stay,a decrease in prosperity, provocation of alcohol abuse, state of uncertainty.

Use of social network as a coping strategy for depression among young people during the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from the COMET collaborative study.

BACKGROUND: Use of social media (SM) has exponentially grown particularly among youths in the past two years, due to COVID-19-related changing lifestyles. Based on the Italian COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET), we investigated the association between SM use and depressive symptoms among Italian young adults (aged 18-24). METHODS: The COMET is a nationwide multi-center cross-sectional study that investigated socio-demographic data, social networking addiction (BSNAS), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), as well as impulsiveness (BIS-15) and aggressiveness (AQ) in a large sample of youngsters, in order to assess the association between BSNAS and DASS-21 indices. Mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the role of impulsiveness and aggressive personality traits in the association between SM use (SMU) and depression. RESULTS: 75.8% of the sample (n = 491) had a problematic SMU. SMU was reduced by high AQ and high DASS-21 scores (F = 42.338, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.207). Mediation analyses showed that SMU negatively predicted depressive symptomatology with the interaction mediated by AQ total (ß = - 0.1075), physical (ß = - 0.207) and anger (ß = - 0.0582), BIS-15 total (ß = - 0.0272) and attentional (ß = - 0.0302). High depressive levels were predicted by high AQ scores, low SMU levels, low verbal and physical AQ, and low attentional BIS-15 (F = 30.322, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.273). Depressive symptomatology negatively predicted SMU with their interaction mediated by AQ total (ß = - 0.1640), verbal (ß = 0.0436) and anger (ß = - 0.0807), BIS-15 total (ß = - 0.0448) and attentional (ß = - 0.0409). CONCLUSIONS: SMU during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic could have a beneficial role in buffering negative consequences linked to social isolation due to quarantine measures, despite this association being mediated by specific personality traits.

Editorial

The sense of risk associated with managing a workload which feels unsafe, of offering only the essential cares, and of working with a reduced workload as a result of sickness and low base numbers creates a tense and reactive workforce. If the resource is in terms of security systems or services, the input in terms of cost, staff numbers, and training to achieve meaningful improvement is again a significant consideration, and one that under our new health system should be addressed at a national level, to ensure equity across services. The role of security services and their interaction with the ED alongside the use of code responses are outlined in the cases for Middlemore and Taranaki Base hospital EDs - all providing additional ideas and opportunities to consider.